Surface aware lens

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a method for rendering three-dimensional virtual objects within real-world environments. Virtual rendering of a three-dimensional virtual object can be altered appropriately as a user moves around the object in the real-world through utilization of a redundant tracking system comprising multiple tracking sub-systems. Virtual object rendering can be with respect to a reference surface in a real-world three-dimensional space depicted in a camera view of a mobile computing device.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priorityto U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/922,618, filed on Jul. 7, 2020,which is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/283,482, filed on Feb. 22, 2019, which isa continuation of and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/863,575, filed on Jan. 5, 2018, which claims thebenefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/444,218, filed on Jan. 9, 2017, each of which are herein incorporatedby reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to visual presentations andmore particularly to virtual object rendering within real worldenvironments.

BACKGROUND

Virtual object rendering systems can be used to create engaging andentertaining augmented reality experiences, in which three-dimensionalvirtual object graphics content appears to be present in the real world.Such systems can be subject to presentation problems due toenvironmental conditions, user actions, unanticipated visualinterruption between a camera and the object being rendered, and thelike. This can cause a virtual object to disappear or otherwise behaveerratically, which breaks the illusion of the virtual objects beingpresent in the real world. For example, a virtual object renderingsystem may not present virtual objects in a consistent manner withrespect to real world items as a user moves about through the realworld.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. To easily identifythe discussion of any particular element or act, the most significantdigit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number inwhich that element is first introduced. Some embodiments are illustratedby way of example, and not limitation, in the figures of theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network,according to example embodiments.

FIG. 2 is block diagram illustrating further details regarding amessaging system, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data which may be stored inthe database of the messaging server system, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a messagegenerated by a messaging client application for communication, accordingto example embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example access-limitingprocess, in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeralmessage, and associated multimedia payload of data) or a contentcollection (e.g., an ephemeral message story) may be time-limited (e.g.,made ephemeral), according to example embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating various modules of a redundanttracking system 124, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting an object rendered within athree-dimensional space by a redundant tracking system 124, according toexample embodiments.

FIG. 8 provides screenshots in sequential order of an example objectrendering within a real world three-dimensional space by a redundanttracking system 124 using a surface aware lens, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 9 provides screenshots of an example rendered object at differentreal world three-dimensional locations by a redundant tracking system124 using a surface aware lens, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 10 provides screenshots in sequential order of an example objectrendering within an abstract three-dimensional space by a redundanttracking system 124 using a surface aware lens, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for tracking an objectrendered in a three-dimensional space, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating andrendering an object in a three-dimensional space, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method for rendering a virtualobject in a three-dimensional space using a surface aware lens,according to example embodiments.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method for providing usercustomized virtual objects in a three-dimensional space using a surfaceaware lens, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 15 provides screenshots in sequential order of an examplecustomized personal avatar object rendering within a real worldthree-dimensional space by a redundant tracking system 124 using asurface aware lens, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 16 provides screenshots of an example rendered customized personalavatar object at different real world three-dimensional locations by aredundant tracking system 124 using a surface aware lens, according toexample embodiments.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method for providing an examplecustomized personal avatar object in a three-dimensional space using asurface aware lens, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a representative softwarearchitecture, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine able toread instructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., amachine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein, according to example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques,instruction sequences, and computing machine program products thatembody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the followingdescription, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific detailsare set forth in order to provide an understanding of variousembodiments of the inventive subject matter. It will be evident,however, to those skilled in the art, that embodiments of the inventivesubject matter may be practiced without these specific details. Ingeneral, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, andtechniques are not necessarily shown in detail.

Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosure improve thefunctionality of electronic messaging and imaging software and systemsby rendering virtual three-dimensional items as if they exist in realworld environments. For example, media overlays of virtualthree-dimensional objects can be generated by the system and displayedin conjunction with real world environment content (e.g., images and/orvideo) generated by an image-capturing device (e.g., a digital camera).

In some embodiments, media overlays may also be generated that containavatars or customized “Bitmojis” of users who exchange electroniccommunications, such as Short Message Service (SMS) or MultimediaMessaging Service (MMS) texts and emails. Such overlays may beautomatically generated based on the history of communications betweenusers, the users' locations, and events in which the users are engaged.The appearance of users' avatars or Bitmojis in such overlays maylikewise be modified based on location and event information. In someembodiments, media overlays may be presented to a user in a gallery orcarousel that includes customized avatars of the user and the user'sfriends/contacts.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 forexchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network.The messaging system 100 includes multiple client devices 102, each ofwhich hosts a number of applications including a messaging clientapplication 104. Each messaging client application 104 iscommunicatively coupled to other instances of the messaging clientapplication 104 and a messaging server system 108 via a network 106(e.g., the Internet).

Accordingly, each messaging client application 104 is able tocommunicate and exchange data with another messaging client application104 and with the messaging server system 108 via the network 106. Thedata exchanged between messaging client applications 104, and between amessaging client application 104 and the messaging server system 108,includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well aspayload data (e.g., text, audio, video, or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality viathe network 106 to a particular messaging client application 104. Whilecertain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein asbeing performed by either a messaging client application 104 or by themessaging server system 108, it will be appreciated that the location ofcertain functionality either within the messaging client application 104or the messaging server system 108 is a design choice. For example, itmay be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology andfunctionality within the messaging server system 108, but to latermigrate this technology and functionality to the messaging clientapplication 104 where a client device 102 has a sufficient processingcapacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operationsthat are provided to the messaging client application 104. Suchoperations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, andprocessing data generated by the messaging client application 104. Thisdata may include message content, client device information, geolocationinformation, media annotation and overlays, message content persistenceconditions, social network information, and live event information, asexamples. Data exchanges within the messaging system 100 are invoked andcontrolled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of themessaging client application 104.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, anApplication Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, andprovides a programmatic interface to, an application server 112. Theapplication server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored dataassociated with messages processed by the application server 112.

Dealing specifically with the API server 110, this server receives andtransmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between theclient device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, the APIserver 110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols)that can be called or queried by the messaging client application 104 inorder to invoke functionality of the application server 112. The APIserver 110 exposes various functions supported by the application server112, including account registration, login functionality, the sending ofmessages, via the application server 112, from a particular messagingclient application 104 to another messaging client application 104, thesending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging clientapplication 104 to the messaging server application 114, and forpossible access by another messaging client application 104, the settingof a collection of media data (e.g., story), the retrieval of suchcollections, the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a clientdevice 102, the retrieval of messages and content, the adding anddeleting of friends to a social graph, the location of friends within asocial graph, opening an application event (e.g., relating to themessaging client application 104).

The application server 112 hosts a number of applications andsubsystems, including a messaging server application 114, an imageprocessing system 116, a social network system 122, and a redundanttracking system 124. The messaging server application 114 implements anumber of message processing technologies and functions, particularlyrelated to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g.,textual and multimedia content) included in messages received frommultiple instances of the messaging client application 104. As will bedescribed in further detail, the text and media content from multiplesources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., calledstories or galleries). These collections are then made available, by themessaging server application 114, to the messaging client application104. Other processor and memory intensive processing of data may also beperformed server-side by the messaging server application 114, in viewof the hardware requirements for such processing.

The application server 112 also includes an image processing system 116that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations,typically with respect to images or video received within the payload ofa message at the messaging server application 114.

The social network system 122 supports various social networkingfunctions and services, and makes these functions and services availableto the messaging server application 114. To this end, the social networksystem 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph within the database120. Examples of functions and services supported by the social networksystem 122 include the identification of other users of the messagingsystem 100 with which a particular user has relationships or is“following,” and also the identification of other entities and interestsof a particular user.

The redundant tracking system 124 provides functionality to generate,display, and track virtual objects at positions relative to the clientdevice 102, within a three-dimensional space. The redundant trackingsystem 124 comprises a set of tracking subsystems configured to trackthe virtual object at the position in three-dimensional space based on aset of tracking indicia, and transition between tracking subsystems. Theredundant tracking system 124 may further transition between trackingwith six degrees of freedom (6DoF) and tracking with three degrees offreedom (3DoF) based on an availability of the tracking indicia.

The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a databaseserver 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which isstored data associated with messages processed by the messaging serverapplication 114.

FIG. 2 is block diagram illustrating further details regarding themessaging system 100, according to example embodiments. Specifically,the messaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging clientapplication 104 and the application server 112, which in turn embody anumber of some subsystems, namely an ephemeral timer system 202, acollection management system 204, and an annotation system 206.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing thetemporary access to content permitted by the messaging clientapplication 104 and the messaging server application 114. To this end,the ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that,based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, orcollection of messages (e.g., a story), selectively display and enableaccess to messages and associated content via the messaging clientapplication 104. Further details regarding the operation of theephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managingcollections of media (e.g., collections of text, image, video, and audiodata). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages,including images, video, text, and audio) may be organized into an“event gallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be madeavailable for a specified time period, such as the duration of an eventto which the content relates. For example, content relating to a musicconcert may be made available as a “story” for the duration of thatmusic concert. The collection management system 204 may also beresponsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of theexistence of a particular collection to the user interface of themessaging client application 104.

The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curationinterface 208 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate aparticular collection of content. For example, the curation interface208 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of contentrelating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content orredundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and contentrules to automatically curate a content collection. In certainembodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion of usergenerated content into a collection. In such cases, the curationinterface 208 operates to automatically make payments to such users forthe use of their content.

The annotation system 206 provides various functions that enable a userto annotate or otherwise modify or edit media content associated with amessage. For example, the annotation system 206 provides functionsrelated to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messagesprocessed by the messaging system 100. The annotation system 206operatively supplies a media overlay (e.g., a filter) to the messagingclient application 104 based on a geolocation of the client device 102.In another example, the annotation system 206 operatively supplies amedia overlay to the messaging client application 104 based on otherinformation, such as social network information of the user of theclient device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visual contentand visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content includepictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of avisual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content orthe visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., aphoto) at the client device 102. For example, the media overlayincluding text that can be overlaid on top of a photograph generated bythe client device 102. In another example, the media overlay includes anidentification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of alive event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House).In another example, the annotation system 206 uses the geolocation ofthe client device 102 to identify a media overlay that includes the nameof a merchant at the geolocation of the client device 102. The mediaoverlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. Themedia overlays may be stored in the database 120 and accessed throughthe database server 118.

In one example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides auser-based publication platform that enables users to select ageolocation on a map and upload content associated with the selectedgeolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which aparticular media overlay should be offered to other users. Theannotation system 206 generates a media overlay that includes theuploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selectedgeolocation.

In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides amerchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select aparticular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a biddingprocess. For example, the annotation system 206 associates the mediaoverlay of a highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocationfor a predefined amount of time

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 300 illustrating data, which may be storedin the database 120 of the messaging server system 108, according tocertain example embodiments. While the content of the database 120 isshown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that thedata could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as anobject-oriented database).

The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table314. An entity table 302 stores entity data, including an entity graph304. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table302 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects,places, events, and so forth. Regardless of type, any entity regardingwhich the messaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognizedentity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as anentity type identifier (not shown).

The entity graph 304 furthermore stores information regardingrelationships and associations between entities. Such relationships maybe social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation ororganization), interested-based, or activity-based, merely for example.

The database 120 also stores annotation data, in the example form offilters, in an annotation table 312. Filters for which data is storedwithin the annotation table 312 are associated with and applied tovideos (for which data is stored in a video table 310) and/or images(for which data is stored in an image table 308). Filters, in oneexample, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image orvideo during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of varioustypes, including user-selected filters from a gallery of filterspresented to a sending user by the messaging client application 104 whenthe sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters includegeolocation filters (also known as geo-filters) which may be presentedto a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocationfilters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presentedwithin a user interface by the messaging client application 104, basedon geolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System(GPS) unit of the client device 102. Another type of filter is a datafilter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by themessaging client application 104, based on other inputs or informationgathered by the client device 102 during the message creation process.Example of data filters include current temperature at a specificlocation, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, batterylife for a client device 102, or the current time.

Other annotation data that may be stored within the image table 308 isso-called “lens” data. A “lens” may be a real-time special effect andsound that may be added to an image or a video.

As mentioned above, the video table 310 stores video data which, in oneembodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintainedwithin the message table 314. Similarly, the image table 308 storesimage data associated with messages for which message data is stored inthe entity table 302. The entity table 302 may associate variousannotations from the annotation table 312 with various images and videosstored in the image table 308 and the video table 310.

A story table 306 stores data regarding collections of messages andassociated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into acollection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particularcollection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user forwhich a record is maintained in the entity table 302). A user may createa “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has beencreated and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the UI of themessaging client application 104 may include an icon that is userselectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his orher personal story.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collectionof content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically,or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example,a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted contentfrom various locations and events. Users, whose client devices havelocation services enabled and are at a common location event at aparticular time, may, for example, be presented with an option, via auser interface of the messaging client application 104, to contributecontent to a particular live story. The live story may be identified tothe user by the messaging client application 104, based on his or herlocation. The end result is a “live story” told from a communityperspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,”which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within aspecific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus)to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, acontribution to a location story may require a second degree ofauthentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specificorganization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the universitycampus).

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 400,according to some in some embodiments, generated by a messaging clientapplication 104 for communication to a further messaging clientapplication 104 or the messaging server application 114. The content ofa particular message 400 is used to populate the message table 314stored within the database 120, accessible by the messaging serverapplication 114. Similarly, the content of a message 400 is stored inmemory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102 orthe application server 112. The message 400 is shown to include thefollowing components:

-   -   A message identifier 402: a unique identifier that identifies        the message 400.    -   A message text payload 404: text, to be generated by a user via        a user interface of the client device 102 and that is included        in the message 400.    -   A message image payload 406: image data, captured by a camera        component of a client device 102 or retrieved from memory of a        client device 102, and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera        component or retrieved from a memory component of the client        device 102 and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a        microphone or retrieved from the memory component of the client        device 102, and that is included in the message 400.    -   A message annotations 412: annotation data (e.g., filters,        stickers or other enhancements) that represents annotations to        be applied to message image payload 406, message video payload        408, or message audio payload 410 of the message 400.    -   A message duration parameter 414: parameter value indicating, in        seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message        (e.g., the message image payload 406, message video payload 408,        message audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible        to a user via the messaging client application 104.    -   A message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data (e.g.,        latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the        content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation        parameter 416 values may be included in the payload, with each        of these parameter values being associated with respect to        content items included in the content (e.g., a specific image        into within the message image payload 406, or a specific video        in the message video payload 408).    -   A message story identifier 418: identifier value identifying one        or more content collections (e.g., “stories”) with which a        particular content item in the message image payload 406 of the        message 400 is associated. For example, multiple images within        the message image payload 406 may each be associated with        multiple content collections using identifier values.    -   A message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple        tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of        content included in the message payload. For example, where a        particular image included in the message image payload 406        depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included        within the message tag 420 that is indicative of the relevant        animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user        input, or may be automatically generated using, for example,        image recognition.    -   A message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address, or device        identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 on        which the message 400 was generated and from which the message        400 was sent.    -   A message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a        messaging system identifier, email address or device identifier)        indicative of a user of the client device 102 to which the        message 400 is addressed.

The contents (e.g. values) of the various components of message 400 maybe pointers to locations in tables within which content data values arestored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 maybe a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 308.Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to datastored within a video table 310, values stored within the messageannotations 412 may point to data stored in an annotation table 312,values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to datastored in a story table 306, and values stored within the message senderidentifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to userrecords stored within an entity table 302.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an access-limiting process500, in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeral message502, and associated multimedia payload of data) or a content collection(e.g., an ephemeral message story 504), may be time-limited (e.g., madeephemeral).

An ephemeral message 502 is shown to be associated with a messageduration parameter 506, the value of which determines an amount of timethat the ephemeral message 502 will be displayed to a receiving user ofthe ephemeral message 502 by the messaging client application 104. Inone embodiment, where the messaging client application 104 is aapplication client, an ephemeral message 502 is viewable by a receivinguser for up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of timethat the sending user specifies using the message duration parameter506.

The message duration parameter 506 and the message receiver identifier424 are shown to be inputs to a message timer 512, which is responsiblefor determining the amount of time that the ephemeral message 502 isshown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiveridentifier 424. In particular, the ephemeral message 502 will only beshown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by thevalue of the message duration parameter 506. The message timer 512 isshown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system202, which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content(e.g., an ephemeral message 502) to a receiving user.

The ephemeral message 502 is shown in FIG. 5 to be included within anephemeral message story 504 (e.g., a personal story, or an event story).The ephemeral message story 504 has an associated story durationparameter 508, a value of which determines a time-duration for which theephemeral message story 504 is presented and accessible to users of themessaging system 100. The story duration parameter 508, for example, maybe the duration of a music concert, where the ephemeral message story504 is a collection of content pertaining to that concert.Alternatively, a user (either the owning user or a curator user) mayspecify the value for the story duration parameter 508 when performingthe setup and creation of the ephemeral message story 504.

Additionally, each ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral messagestory 504 has an associated story participation parameter 510, a valueof which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message502 will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message story504. Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message story 504 may “expire”and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral messagestory 504, prior to the ephemeral message story 504 itself expiring interms of the story duration parameter 508. The story duration parameter508, story participation parameter 510, and message receiver identifier424 each provide input to a story timer 514, which operationallydetermines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message 502 of theephemeral message story 504 will be displayed to a particular receivinguser and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message story 504is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as aresult of the message receiver identifier 424.

Accordingly, the story timer 514 operationally controls the overalllifespan of an associated ephemeral message story 504, as well as anindividual ephemeral message 502 included in the ephemeral message story504. In one embodiment, each and every ephemeral message 502 within theephemeral message story 504 remains viewable and accessible for atime-period specified by the story duration parameter 508. In a furtherembodiment, a certain ephemeral message 502 may expire, within thecontext of ephemeral message story 504, based on a story participationparameter 510. Note that a message duration parameter 506 may stilldetermine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message502 is displayed to a receiving user, even within the context of theephemeral message story 504. Accordingly, the message duration parameter506 determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message502 is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether thereceiving user is viewing that ephemeral message 502 inside or outsidethe context of an ephemeral message story 504.

The ephemeral timer system 202 may furthermore operationally remove aparticular ephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message story 504based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated storyparticipation parameter 510. For example, when a sending user hasestablished a story participation parameter 510 of 24 hours fromposting, the ephemeral timer system 202 will remove the relevantephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message story 504 after thespecified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system 202 also operates toremove an ephemeral message story 504 either when the storyparticipation parameter 510 for each and every ephemeral message 502within the ephemeral message story 504 has expired, or when theephemeral message story 504 itself has expired in terms of the storyduration parameter 508.

In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message story504 may specify an indefinite story duration parameter 508. In thiscase, the expiration of the story participation parameter 510 for thelast remaining ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message story504 will determine when the ephemeral message story 504 itself expires.In this case, a new ephemeral message 502, added to the ephemeralmessage story 504, with a new story participation parameter 510,effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message story 504 to equalthe value of the story participation parameter 510.

Responsive to the ephemeral timer system 202 determining that anephemeral message story 504 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible),the ephemeral timer system 202 communicates with the messaging system100 (and, for example, specifically the messaging client application104) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevantephemeral message story 504 to no longer be displayed within a userinterface of the messaging client application 104. Similarly, when theephemeral timer system 202 determines that the message durationparameter 506 for a particular ephemeral message 502 has expired, theephemeral timer system 202 causes the messaging client application 104to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textualidentification) associated with the ephemeral message 502.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating components of the redundanttracking system 124 that configure the redundant tracking system 124 torender a virtual object at a position relative to the client device 102in a three-dimensional space, track the position of the virtual objectin the three-dimensional space, and transition between trackingsub-systems based on an availability of tracking indicia, according tovarious example embodiments. The redundant tracking system 124 is shownas including a rendering module 602, a tracking module 604, a disruptiondetection module 606, and an object template module 608. In some exampleembodiments, the tracking module 604 may comprise a first trackingsub-system 604A, a second tracking sub-system 604B, and a third trackingsub-system 604C, wherein each tracking sub-system tracks the position ofthe virtual object within the three-dimensional space based on a set oftracking indicia. The various modules of the redundant tracking system124 may be configured to communicate with each other (e.g., via a bus,shared memory, or a switch). Any one or more of these modules may beimplemented using one or more processors 610 (e.g., by configuring suchone or more processors to perform functions described for that module)and hence may include one or more of the processors 610.

Any one or more of the modules described may be implemented usinghardware alone (e.g., one or more of the processors 610 of a machine) ora combination of hardware and software. For example, any moduledescribed of the redundant tracking system 124 may physically include anarrangement of one or more of the processors 610 (e.g., a subset of oramong the one or more processors of the machine) configured to performthe operations described herein for that module. As another example, anymodule of the redundant tracking system 124 may include software,hardware, or both, that configure an arrangement of one or moreprocessors 610 (e.g., among the one or more processors of the machine)to perform the operations described herein for that module. Accordingly,different modules of the redundant tracking system 124 may include andconfigure different arrangements of such processors 610 or a singlearrangement of such processors 610 at different points in time.Moreover, any two or more modules of the redundant tracking system 124may be combined into a single module, and the functions described hereinfor a single module may be subdivided among multiple modules.Furthermore, according to various example embodiments, modules describedherein as being implemented within a single machine, database, or devicemay be distributed across multiple machines, databases, or devices.

FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 depicting a virtual object rendered within athree-dimensional space by the redundant tracking system 124, accordingto certain example embodiments. As seen in FIG. 7 , the virtual objectmay be tracked in 3DoF or 6DoF based on the tracking indicia availableto the redundant tracking system 124.

Tracking systems are subject to frequent tracking failure due toenvironmental conditions, user actions, unanticipated visualinterruption between camera and object/scene being tracked, and soforth. Traditionally, such tracking failures would cause a disruption inthe presentation of virtual objects in a three-dimensional space. Forexample, the virtual objects may disappear or otherwise behaveerratically, thereby interrupting the illusion of the virtual objectbeing presented within the three-dimensional space. This undermines theperceived quality of the three-dimensional experience as a whole.

Traditional tracking systems rely on a single approach (Natural FeatureTracking (NFT), Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM),Gyroscopic, etc.) that each have breaking points in real world usage dueto inaccurate sensor data, movement, loss or occlusion of visual marker,or dynamic interruptions to a scene. Further, each approach may haveindividual limitations in capability. For example, a gyroscopic trackingsystem can only track items with 3DoF. Further, utilization of a singletracking system provides inaccurate or unstable position estimation, dueto inherent limitations of each individual system. For example, an NFTsystem may not provide sufficient pitch, yaw, or roll estimation due tothe inaccuracies of visual tracking alone, while gyroscopic trackingsystems provide inaccurate translation (up, down, left, right).

The redundant tracking system 124 comprising multiple redundant trackingsub-systems 604A-C that enable seamless transitions between suchtracking sub-systems provides a solution to this problem by mergingmultiple tracking approaches into a single tracking system. This systemis able to combine tracking virtual objects with 6DoF and 3DoF throughcombining and transitioning between multiple tracking systems based onthe availability of tracking indicia tracked by the tracking systems.Thus, as the indicia tracked by any one tracking system becomesunavailable, the redundant tracking system 124 seamlessly switchesbetween tracking in 6DoF and 3DoF, thereby providing the user with anuninterrupted experience. For example, in the case of visual trackingsystems (e.g., NFT, SLAM), tracking indicia typically analyzed todetermine orientation may be replaced with gyroscopic tracking indiciafrom a gyroscopic tracking system. This would thereby enabletransitioning between tracking in 6Dof and 3DoF based on theavailability of tracking indicia.

In some example embodiments, to transition between tracking in 6DoF and3DoF, the redundant tracking system 124 gathers and stores trackingindicia within a tracking matrix that includes translation indicia(e.g., up, down, left, right) and rotation indicia (e.g., pitch, yaw,roll). The translation indicia gathered by an NFT system may thereby beextracted from the tracking matrix and utilized when future translationindicia gathered by the NFT system become inaccurate or unavailable. Inthe meantime, the rotation indicia is continued to be provided by thegyroscope. In this way, when the mobile device loses tracking indicia,the tracked objects that are presented in the three-dimensional spacewill not be changed abruptly at the frame when the tracking indicia arelost. Subsequently, when the target tracking object reappears in thescreen, and a new translation T₁ is obtained, the translation part ofthe view matrix will then be taking advantage of the new translation T₁,and use T₁-T₀ as the translation of the view matrix.

The redundant tracking system 124 is configured to render and displayvirtual objects at a position in a three-dimensional space. For example,the redundant tracking system 124 may maintain a set of templates togenerate virtual objects to be displayed in the three-dimensional space.Upon receiving a selection of a template from among the set oftemplates, and a selection of a position in the three-dimensional space,the redundant tracking system 124 generates and assigns the virtualobject to the position within the three-dimensional space.

The redundant tracking system 124 may thereby track the position of thevirtual object relative to a user device in the three-dimensional spaceby one or more tracking systems in 6DoF. For example, the one or moretracking systems of the redundant tracking system 124 may collect andanalyze a set of tracking indicia (e.g., roll, pitch, yaw, naturalfeatures, etc.) in order to track the position of the virtual objectrelative to the user device in the three-dimensional space with 6DoF. Insuch embodiments, the redundant tracking system 124 may transitionbetween tracking systems based on the availability of the trackedindicia to maintain consistent tracking in 6DoF.

Upon detecting an interruption of one or more indicia from among the setof indicia tracked, such that tracking in 6DoF becomes unreliable orimpossible, the redundant tracking system 124 transitions to trackingthe virtual object in the three-dimensional space in 3DoF in order toprevent an interruption of the display. For example, the redundanttracking system 124 may transition from a first tracking system (orfirst set of tracking systems among the set of tracking systems) to asecond tracking system among the set of tracking systems (or second setof tracking systems), wherein the second tracking system is capable oftracking the virtual object with 3DoF in the three-dimensional space,based on the tracking indicia available.

In some example embodiments, the set of tracking systems of theredundant tracking system 124 includes a gyroscopic tracking system, anNFT system, and well as a SLAM tracking system. Each tracking systemamong the set of tracking systems may analyze tracking indicia in orderto track a position of a virtual object within a three-dimensionalspace. For example, to track a virtual object with 6DoF, the redundanttracking system 124 may require at least six tracking indicia to beavailable. As tracking indicia become obstructed or unavailable forvarious reasons, the redundant tracking system 124 may transitionbetween the available tracking systems among the set of tracking systemsin order to maintain 6DoF, or transition to 3DoF if necessary.

It will be readily appreciated that these redundant tracking systems 124serve to provide consistent rendered virtual objects in real worldthree-dimensional spaces in a wide variety of environments andsituations. In many applications it can be desirable to provide firmconsistency for the locations of these virtual objects as one or moreusers, cameras, or other tracking items move around in the environment.This can involve the recognition and use of a specific fixed referencepoint (e.g., a fixed surface) in the real world environment. Not using afixed reference point or item can result in floating or otherundesirable inconsistencies in the rendering and presentation of thevirtual objects.

To ensure firm consistency in the location of virtual objects,annotation data in the example form of a presentation “lens” that isspecific for the three-dimensional object tracking and renderingdescribed herein may be employed. In particular, a “surface aware lens”is a presentation lens that identifies and references a real worldsurface (e.g., the ground) for the consistent rendering and presentationof virtual objects in three-dimensional space. Such a surface aware lenscan be a specific portion or submodule within rendering module 602 of anoverall redundant tracking system 124, as set forth above. This surfaceaware lens of rendering module 602 can be configured to recognize areference surface based on visual camera content, and may also utilizeother device inputs (e.g., gyroscope, accelerometer, compass) todetermine what is an appropriate surface within a three-dimensionalspace captured by a camera view. Once the reference surface has beendetermined, then virtual object rendering can be accomplished withrespect to that reference surface.

The use of such a surface aware lens as part of an overall virtualobject rendering can result in presentations that are more dynamicallyconvincing even as a user or other content capturing device moves aboutin the three-dimensional space while the virtual objects are beingcreated and rendered in real time. Various graphics of how such virtualobject presentations can appear while using a surface aware lens willnow be provided by way of example.

FIG. 8 provides screenshots in sequential order of an example objectrendering within a real world three-dimensional space by a redundanttracking system 124 using a surface aware lens, according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure. Sequence 800 includes severaldifferent screenshots 802, 804, 806, 808 of a virtual object presentedin a real world three-dimensional space as the virtual object is beingcreated and while the camera is moving with respect to the virtualobject. For purposes of reference, the provided screenshots 802, 804,806, 808 are taken several seconds apart in time. As shown in thesescreenshots, the virtual object presented is three-dimensional text thatstates “Hello World.” The virtual object is shown as it is beingcreated, which can be the result of user text input as the user moveswith the camera device within the real world space, for example.

One particular feature that is illustrated in FIG. 8 is the generalusage of a reference surface by the redundant tracking system 124 inrendering the virtual object. Again, the reference surface is used bythe redundant tracking system 124 as a fixed surface within thethree-dimensional space from which to render the virtual object orobjects. In this example, the floor of the indoor location is being usedas the reference surface for rendering the virtual object. As shown, thevirtual object is rendered and maintained at a set distance from thereference surface, and need not contact the reference surface itself. Infact, the system provides a virtual or simulated “shadow” of the virtualobject right at the floor surface location that is being used as thereference surface.

In many situations, such a reference item may simply be the ground orthe floor where the user or image capturing device is located. Using theground as the reference item for a surface aware lens that is “renderingvirtual content relative to the ground” can be fairly simple,convenient, and consistent. It will be readily appreciated, however,that other surfaces can also be used for the surface aware lens. Suchsurfaces could be, for example, walls, ceilings, counters, tabletops,and other relatively identifiable and fixed items. Further examples showhow such alternative surfaces might appear.

FIG. 9 provides screenshots of an example rendered object at differentreal world three-dimensional locations by a redundant tracking system124 using a surface aware lens, according to various embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Series 900 includes several different screenshots902, 904, 906, of the same virtual object statically presented indifferent real world three-dimensional locations. As shown in thesescreenshots, the virtual object presented is three-dimensional text thatstates “Level Up” in multiple colors. The same virtual object is shownas it has been rendered with respect to, for example, a countertop, anoutside wall, and above an outside walkway. Each screenshot involves theuse of different type of reference surface.

FIG. 10 provides screenshots in sequential order of an example objectrendering within an abstract three-dimensional space by a redundanttracking system 124 using a surface aware lens, according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure. Sequence 1000 includes severaldifferent screenshots 1002, 1004, 1006 of a virtual object as thevirtual object drops or falls toward its reference surface. As shown inthese screenshots, the virtual object presented is three-dimensionalletter “A,” which also animates as it falls. Consistent with someembodiments, the redundant tracking system 124 may transition fromtracking the virtual object using a first tracking subsystem (e.g., agyroscopic tracking system) when the virtual object is being viewed asit is dropping or falling to tracking the virtual object using a secondtracking subsystem (e.g., a visual tracking system) when it is beingviewed at the reference surface after dropping or falling. Variousanimation features, sizes, fonts, colors, and so forth can be userselectable, as set forth in greater detail below. Sequence 1000represents what the virtual object rendering system creates without anyreal world backdrop, for example.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the redundant trackingsystem 124 in performing a method 1100 for tracking an object at aposition relative to the client device 102 in a three-dimensional space,according to certain example embodiments. As shown in FIG. 11 , one ormore operations 1102, 1104, 1106, and 1108 may be performed as part(e.g., a precursor task, a subroutine, or a portion) of the method 1100,according to some example embodiments.

At operation 1102, the rendering module 602 renders a virtual object ata position relative to the client device 102 in a three-dimensionalspace. The virtual object may include interactive content generated bythe user based on user provided parameters.

At operation 1104, the tracking module 604 tracks the virtual object in6DoF at the position in the three-dimensional space via the firsttracking sub-system 604A, or a combination of multiple trackingsub-systems (e.g., the first tracking sub-system 604A and the secondtracking sub-system 604B), based on a set of tracking indicia. Whentracking the virtual object in 6DoF, a user viewing the object on theclient device 102 can turn or move in any direction without disruptingtracking of the object. For example, the tracking module 604 may trackthe position of the virtual object based on a combination of an NFTsystem and a gyroscopic tracking system.

At operation 1106, the disruption detection module 606 detects aninterruption of a tracking indicia from among the tracking indiciatracked by the tracking sub-systems (e.g., the first tracking sub-system604A). For example, the first tracking sub-system 604A may include a NFTsystem configured to rely on tracking indicia that include features ofan environment or active light sources in proximity to annotated virtualobjects within the environment (e.g., the ground's plane, or thehorizon). The NFT system of the first tracking sub-system 604A maytherefore rely on the positions of three or more known features in theenvironment to determine the position of the virtual object relative tothe client device 102 in the three dimensional space. Should any one ormore of the tracking indicia tracked by the first tracking sub-system604A become obstructed or unavailable, the tracking of the virtualobject in the three-dimensional space would become disrupted.

At operation 1108, in response to the disruption detection module 606detecting a disruption of one or more tracking indicia, the trackingmodule 604 transitions to one or more other tracking sub-systems (e.g.,the second tracking sub-system 604B and/or the third tracking sub-system604C) to maintain tracking of the virtual object relative to the clientdevice 102 in the three-dimensional space. In doing so, the redundanttracking system 124 may transition from 6DoF to 3DoF, wherein 3DoFmeasures pitch, roll, and yaw, but does not measure translations. As thetracking indicia again become available, the redundant tracking system124 may thereby transition from 3DoF back to 6DoF. For example, when theNFT system becomes unavailable, the tracking module 604 may utilize thelast tracking indicia gathered and tracked by the NFT system throughoutthe subsequent 3DoF experience.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the redundant trackingsystem 124 in performing a method 1200 for generating and presenting avirtual object at a position relative to the client device 102 in athree-dimensional space, according to certain example embodiments. Asshown in FIG. 12 , one or more operations 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208, and1210 may be performed as part (e.g., a precursor task, a subroutine, ora portion) of the method 1200, according to some example embodiments.

As depicted in operation 1202, the object template module 608 maintainsa set of templates for generating virtual objects to be displayed in athree-dimensional space. For example, the templates may include one ormore object parameters that configure behaviors of the virtual object(e.g., sound sensitivity, position, movement, etc.). At operation 1204,the object template module 608 receives a selection of a template fromamong the set of templates maintained.

At operation 1206, the rendering module 602 receives a selection of aposition in the three-dimensional space in which to render the virtualobject. For example, by selecting the position, the rendering module 602may identify tracking indicia to be used by the tracking module 604 intracking the virtual object in the three-dimensional space. At operation1208, the rendering module 602 generates the virtual object based on theselected template.

At operation 1210, the rendering module 602 assigns the virtual objectto the position in three-dimensional space based on the selection andthe tracking indicia identified. Having assigned the virtual object tothe position relative to the client device 102 in three-dimensionalspace, the tracking module 604 may thereby track the virtual object in6DoF based on the tracking indicia.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for rendering avirtual object in a three-dimensional space using a surface aware lens,according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 13 , one or more operations 1302, 1304, 1306, and 1308, may beperformed as part (e.g., a precursor task, a subroutine, or a portion)of a specific surface aware lens or implementation within a renderingmodule 602 of a redundant tracking system 124 that provides objecttracking and rendering aspects as detailed herein.

As depicted in operation 1302, a redundant tracking system 124 receivesan input to activate a surface aware lens on the system. This input canbe in the form of a manual user input, which can be, for example, abutton tap or holding or pointing an active camera in such a manner soas to indicate that a surface is being referenced. The surface awarelens may used with any of the virtual objects for which a template ismaintained by the object template module 608, although the surface awarelens is not limited in application to the virtual object templatesmaintained by the object template module 608.

At operation 1304, the surface aware lens of the rendering module 602responds to the input by detecting a real world reference surface in theview presented by the camera. In some embodiments, the reference surfacecan be a user specified reference surface. As such, the detecting of thereference surface is based on user input such as a tap or other gestureused to activate the surface lens to indicate a reference surface. Sucha reference surface can be the floor surface or the ground surface inmany cases, although other fixed and ascertainable surfaces can also beused. For example, the surface aware lens of the rendering module 602may determine the reference surface by identifying a fixed surface basedon an analysis of visual camera content, and may also utilize otherdevice inputs (e.g., gyroscope, accelerometer, compass) to ascertainwhat is an appropriate surface within a three-dimensional space capturedby the camera view. In various embodiments, a confirmation that theproper reference surface has been indicated or highlighted can berequested from the user. In some situations, the system may indicatethat a proper reference surface cannot be detected, such that furtherinput or help from the user may be needed.

At operation 1306, the surface aware lens of the rendering module 602orients a virtual object based on the detected reference surface. Theorienting of the virtual object may include assigning the virtual objectto a position in three-dimensional space based on the detected referencesurface and identifying tracking indicia to be used by the trackingmodule 604 in tracking the virtual object in the three-dimensionalspace. The position to which the virtual object is assigned maycorrespond to the reference surface or a predefined distance above thereference surface. One or both of operations 1304 and 1306 can also bereferred to as initialization of the rendering module 602. In essence,the determined reference surface within the camera view is beingestablished in the rendering module 602 at a proper static orientationrelative to the reference surface in the real world.

At operation 1308, the surface aware lens of the rendering module 602renders the virtual object with respect to the reference surface. Morespecifically, the rendering of the virtual object with respect to thereference surface may include rendering and maintaining the virtualobject at the assigned position within the three-dimensional space.Thus, in instances in which the assigned position is a predefineddistance from the reference surface, the rendering of the virtual objectmay include rendering and maintaining the virtual object at thepredefined distance from the reference surface. In these instances, thevirtual object, when rendered, may not actually contact or rest againstthe reference surface, but rather may be hovering above or extendingaway from the reference surface at the predefined distance. Such aseparation can be seen in the screenshots of FIG. 8 , for example.

The rendering of the virtual object with respect to the referencesurface may further include rendering a separate virtual representationrelated to the virtual object at the reference surface. The separatevirtual representation may, for example, be a simulated shadow of thevirtual object as shown in FIG. 8 .

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for providingcustomized virtual objects in a three-dimensional space using a surfaceaware lens, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.As in the case of many “lens” implementations and features, the use of asurface aware lens can involve a user experience, such as by a service.As shown in FIG. 14 , one or more operations 1402, 1404, 1406, 1408, and1410 may be performed as part of a persistent surface aware lens programor service for ongoing provisions of the virtual object tracking andrendering aspects detailed herein. Although the provided operations maybe performed at various locations by multiple entities (i.e., someserver based and some client based), it will be understood that thevarious aspects can readily be ascertained and isolated to each specificlocation, system, and device as needed. For example, a method ofproviding customized content performed only at a local device mightinclude all operations except for 1402. Such a local device only methodmight still involve maintaining a reduced cache of customized content onthe local device in any event.

As depicted in operation 1402, a specific surface aware lens applicationor service can involve maintaining customized content. Thus, not onlydoes an overall system provide for generic and readily availableimagery, but separate user storage and group storage may exist forcustomized content. Such customized content can be user created, and canbe stored and deleted according to various user preferences andselections. Customized content may also be created and made availablefor various users for temporal use based on seasons, newsworthy events,locations, and the like. As such, customized content may be created byspecific users for themselves and possibly friends and family.Customized content may also be created by users for specific groups andorganizations. All such customized content can generally be maintainedon a system based surface aware lens application.

At operation 1404, the surface aware lens application or service canretrieve selected customized content according to a current use orrequest. This can involve the use of the same reference surfacediscussed above with respect to method 1300 or a new reference surfacein a current camera view, for example. In many situations, this caninvolve one or more users wishing to access previously used content foruse at a later time at a new or different location. This can be theprivate customized content of the requesting user for use at a differentlocation, and could also be a request for customized publicallyavailable content.

At operation 1406, the surface aware lens at the local device can renderthe selected customized content as delivered by the application orservice at the reference surface. This can involve several additionalprocesses, such as scaling the customized content, as may be appropriatefor a different reference surface. Such scaling may be performed by thesurface aware lens application at the local device. Alternatively, suchscaling may be done or assisted by the application or service providingthe selected customized content.

At operation 1408, the surface aware lens application or service canshare the selected customized content with other users on other userdevices. Accordingly, user customized content, such as specific virtualobjects, can persist from and be shared between different user devices.For example, the “Hello World” virtual object of FIG. 8 might be visibleto every user of the providing service that happens by that particularlocation. In some situations, customized content may be shared only witha select group of users rather than everyone. In addition to there beingsystem based sharing of customized content, there can also bepeer-to-peer based sharing of such content. For example, two users mayelect to share customized content only between each other. Such contentsharing may be limited or expanded as desired by users, in terms of theamount of time, the types of content, and the users that are providedaccess.

At operation 1410, the surface aware lens application or service canallow for augmented and updated customized content that is maintained onthe system. Such updated customized content can be based on externalfactors, such as the time, date, season, location, weather, holidayevents, news events, presence of friends or other users, sports scores,and the like. Specific new user generated virtual objects can beprovided and input into the system over time as well. It will beappreciated that a wide variety of customized content for such virtualobjects is generally possible. One particular type of customized contentfor the general virtual objects provided herein can involve the use ofpersonalized cartoon avatars or “Bitmojis.” Such virtual objects can bereferred to generally as personal avatars, whether provided by Bitmojior any other particular entity. Various details regarding the specificapplication of these personal avatars as virtual objects are providedherein, and it will be understood that such details might also beapplied to other types of virtual objects in other contexts orapplications as well.

FIG. 15 provides screenshots in sequential order of an examplecustomized personal avatar object rendering within a real worldthree-dimensional space by a redundant tracking system 124 using asurface aware lens, according to various embodiments of the presentdisclosure. Sequence 1500 includes several different screenshots 1502,1504, 1506, and 1508 of a customized personal avatar virtual objectpresented in a real world three-dimensional space as the user or camerais moving with respect to the personal avatar. Although the depictedpersonal avatar is shown as a static and flattened character, it is alsocontemplated that dynamic or animated personal avatars can also be used,and that a more rounded or three-dimensional personal avatar virtualobject might also be provided depending upon the level of detaildesired.

FIG. 16 provides screenshots of an example rendered customized personalavatar object at different real world three-dimensional locations by aredundant tracking system 124 using a surface aware lens, according tovarious embodiments of the present disclosure. Series 1600 includesseveral different screenshots 1602, 1604, 1606, of the same customizedpersonal avatar virtual object statically presented in different realworld three-dimensional locations. As shown in these screenshots, thesame customized personal avatar is shown as holding up its hands with astop sign as it has been rendered with respect to, for example, akeyboard, an inside floor, and an office space. Of course, otherlocations and reference surfaces or items are also possible, and only aselect few have been illustrated for purpose of example.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for providing users anexample customized personal avatar object in a three-dimensional spaceusing a surface aware lens, according to various embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Although similar to method 1400 set forth above,method 1700 sets forth a greater level of detail with respect tospecific applications of personal avatars as the rendered virtualobjects. As shown in FIG. 17 , one or more operations 1702, 1704, 1706,1708, and 1710 may similarly be performed as part of a persistentsurface aware lens program or service for ongoing provisions of virtualobject tracking and rendering aspects detailed herein. Although theseoperations may be performed at various locations by multiple entities(i.e., some server based and some client based), it will be understoodthat the various aspects can readily be ascertained and isolated to eachspecific location, system, and device as needed. For example, a methodof providing customized personal avatar content performed only at alocal device or on a local system or network might include alloperations except for 1702, such as where a remote server or networkmaintains some personalized content. Such a remotely maintained systemcan be desirable where greater sharing of personalized content ispreferred. Alternatively, a local device, system, or network might beused to maintain some or all of the personal avatar data for such aparticular application

As depicted in operation 1702, a specific personal avatar application orservice can involve maintaining customized Bitmojis or other personalavatars. It is specifically contemplated that customized personal avatarvirtual object content can be user created, and that this specific typeof content can be stored and deleted according to various userpreferences and selections. Customized personal avatars and relatedcontent can be readily extrapolated into various specific templates andsituations based upon a user generated original personal avatar. Each ofthese avatars and content items can be adjusted and modified to suitparticular preferences of a given user, and prior uses can be noted andorganized by the system as part of the maintaining process that isprovided in operation 1702.

At operation 1704, the personal avatar application or service canreceive a selection of a particular personal avatar to be used for acurrent display at a specific location. This can involve, for example, auser selecting to use a previously used and stored personal avatar fortheir present location. This can typically involve a personal avatar forthe user, but may also be a personal avatar for another user or personin some circumstances. In some cases, this may involve a location wherethat personal avatar has never been applied, such that a simple copy andpaste of the previous usage may not be ideal or appropriate.

Accordingly, at operation 1706, the personal avatar application orservice can adjust the selected personal avatar for the currentlydesired display at the specific location. This can involve severaladditional processes, such as scaling the selected personal avatar, asmay be appropriate for a different location or reference surface. Suchscaling may be performed by a personal avatar application at the localdevice, such as what may be done for other virtual objects during ascaling process. Such scaling may also be done or assisted by a remoteapplication or service providing the selected customized content in somecases. In addition, further adjustments may be needed for a selectedpersonal avatar in some cases. For example, broader selections ofreference items in lieu of “references surfaces” may be permissible fora personal avatar, such that additional image context parameters outsideof a simple reference surface may be considered. The keyboard shown inFIG. 16 is one example of such an alternative reference item. Also, auser may request a new modification in the previous personal avatar toreflect a new situation of the user.

At operation 1708, the personal avatar application or service cangenerate the adjusted personal avatar for the currently desired displayat the specific location. This can involve virtual object generationprocesses that are the same or similar to those provided above for othervirtual objects with respect to reference surfaces. This can alsoinvolve generation processes that account for a more liberal referenceitem policy, such that personal avatars can be generated and presentedin a wider variety of detailed locations. As such, varied processing orfactors may be considered in order to generate the adjusted personalavatar at a specific location that may be a new location for that avataror even the entire system.

At operation 1710, the personal avatar application or service can sharethe adjusted personal avatar at the specific location with other userson other user devices. Accordingly, user customized personal avatarcontent can persist from and be shared between different user devices.For example, the “Stop” personal avatar on a keyboard as shown inscreenshot 1602 of FIG. 16 might be visible to every user of theproviding service that happens by that particular location. This mightbe used, for example, to let the owner of this personal avatarcreatively alert other users not to use this computer or keyboard rightnow. As in the more general examples above, such customized content maybe shared only with a select group of users rather than everyone. Inaddition to there being system based sharing of customized personalavatar content, there can also be peer-to-peer based sharing of suchpersonal avatar content. For example, two users may elect to sharecustomized personal avatars only between each other. Such contentsharing may again be limited or expanded as desired by users, in termsof the amount of time, the types of content, and the users that areprovided access.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example software architecture1806, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described. FIG. 18 is a non-limiting example of asoftware architecture and it will be appreciated that many otherarchitectures may be implemented to facilitate the functionalitydescribed herein. The software architecture 1806 may execute on hardwaresuch as machine 1900 of FIG. 19 that includes, among other things,processors 1904, memory 1914, and input/output (I/O) components 1918. Arepresentative hardware layer 1852 is illustrated and can represent, forexample, the machine 1900 of FIG. 19 . The representative hardware layer1852 includes a processing unit 1854 having associated executableinstructions 1804. Executable instructions 1804 represent the executableinstructions of the software architecture 1806, including implementationof the methods, components and so forth described herein. The hardwarelayer 1852 also includes memory and/or storage modules memory/storage1856, which also have executable instructions 1804. The hardware layer1852 may also comprise other hardware 1858.

In the example architecture of FIG. 18 , the software architecture 1806may be conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer providesparticular functionality. For example, the software architecture 1806may include layers such as an operating system 1802, libraries 1820,applications 1816, frameworks/middleware 1818, and a presentation layer1814. Operationally, the applications 1816 and/or other componentswithin the layers may invoke API calls 1808 through the software stackand receive a response 1812 as in response to the API calls 1808. Thelayers illustrated are representative in nature and not all softwarearchitectures have all layers. For example, some mobile or specialpurpose operating systems may not provide a frameworks/middleware 1818,while others may provide such a layer. Other software architectures mayinclude additional or different layers.

The operating system 1802 may manage hardware resources and providecommon services. The operating system 1802 may include, for example, akernel 1822, services 1824, and drivers 1826. The kernel 1822 may act asan abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 1822 may be responsible for memory management,processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management,networking, security settings, and so on. The services 1824 may provideother common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1826are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlyinghardware. For instance, the drivers 1826 include display drivers, cameradrivers, Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communicationdrivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers,audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on thehardware configuration.

The libraries 1820 provide a common infrastructure that is used by theapplications 1816 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries1820 provide functionality that allows other software components toperform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with theunderlying operating system 1802 functionality (e.g., kernel 1822,services 1824 and/or drivers 1826). The libraries 1820 may includesystem libraries 1844 (e.g., C standard library) that may providefunctions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulationfunctions, mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, thelibraries 1820 may include API libraries 1846 such as media libraries(e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of variousmedia format such as MPREG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG), graphicslibraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework that may be used to rendertwo-dimensional and three-dimensional in a graphic content on adisplay), database libraries (e.g., SQLite that may provide variousrelational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit that mayprovide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1820may also include a wide variety of other libraries 1848 to provide manyother APIs to the applications 1816 and other softwarecomponents/modules.

The frameworks/middleware 1818 (also sometimes referred to asmiddleware) provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may beused by the applications 1816 and/or other software components/modules.For example, the frameworks/middleware 1818 may provide various graphicuser interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management,high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware1818 may provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized bythe applications 1816 and/or other software components/modules, some ofwhich may be specific to a particular operating system 1802 or platform.

The applications 1816 include built-in applications 1838 and/orthird-party applications 1840. Examples of representative built-inapplications 1838 may include, but are not limited to, a contactsapplication, a browser application, a book reader application, alocation application, a media application, a messaging application,and/or a game application. Third-party applications 1840 may include anapplication developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software developmentkit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform,and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such asIOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. Thethird-party applications 1840 may invoke the API calls 1808 provided bythe mobile operating system (such as operating system 1802) tofacilitate functionality described herein.

The applications 1816 may use built in operating system functions (e.g.,kernel 1822, services 1824, and/or drivers 1826), libraries 1820, andframeworks/middleware 1818 to create user interfaces to interact withusers of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systemsinteractions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such aspresentation layer 1814. In these systems, the application/component“logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/componentthat interact with a user.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 1900,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) andperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.Specifically, FIG. 19 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine1900 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions1910 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, orother executable code) for causing the machine 1900 to perform any oneor more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. As such,the instructions 1910 may be used to implement modules or componentsdescribed herein. The instructions 1910 transform the general,non-programmed machine 1900 into a particular machine 1900 programmed tocarry out the described and illustrated functions in the mannerdescribed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 1900 operates as astandalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines.In a networked deployment, the machine 1900 may operate in the capacityof a server machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine 1900 may comprise, but not be limitedto, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), apersonal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, acellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance),other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a networkswitch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing theinstructions 1910, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to betaken by machine 1900. Further, while only a single machine 1900 isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include acollection of machines that individually or jointly execute theinstructions 1910 to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein.

The machine 1900 may include processors 1904, memory memory/storage1906, and I/O components 1918, which may be configured to communicatewith each other such as via a bus 1902. In an example embodiment, theprocessors 1904 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reducedinstruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction setcomputing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor,or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, aprocessor 1908 and a processor 1912 that may execute the instructions1910. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors1904 that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimesreferred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.Although FIG. 19 shows multiple processors, the machine 1900 may includea single processor with a single core, a single processor with multiplecores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a singlecore, multiple processors with multiple cores, or any combinationthereof.

The memory/storage 1906 may include a memory 1914, such as a mainmemory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit 1916, bothaccessible to the processors 1904 such as via the bus 1902. The storageunit 1916 and memory 1914 store the instructions 1910 embodying any oneor more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Theinstructions 1910 may also reside, completely or partially, within thememory 1914, within the storage unit 1916, within at least one of theprocessors 1904 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or anysuitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine1900. Accordingly, the memory 1914, the storage unit 1916, and thememory of processors 1904 are examples of machine-readable media.

The I/O components 1918 may include a wide variety of components toreceive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information,exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/Ocomponents 1918 that are included in a particular machine 1900 willdepend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such asmobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other suchinput mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely notinclude such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/Ocomponents 1918 may include many other components that are not shown inFIG. 19 . The I/O components 1918 are grouped according to functionalitymerely for simplifying the following discussion and the grouping is inno way limiting. In various example embodiments, the I/O components 1918may include output components 1926 and input components 1928. The outputcomponents 1926 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as aplasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, aliquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)),acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., avibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and soforth. The input components 1928 may include alphanumeric inputcomponents (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receivealphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumericinput components), point based input components (e.g., a mouse, atouchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointinginstrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures,or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., amicrophone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the I/O components 1918 may includebiometric components 1930, motion components 1934, environmentalcomponents 1936, or position components 1938 among a wide array of othercomponents. For example, the biometric components 1930 may includecomponents to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facialexpressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measurebiosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature,perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voiceidentification, retinal identification, facial identification,fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram basedidentification), and the like. The motion components 1934 may includeacceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensorcomponents, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth.The environment components 1936 may include, for example, illuminationsensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components(e.g., one or more thermometer that detect ambient temperature),humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g.,barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphonesthat detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g.,infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gasdetection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment. The position components 1938 mayinclude location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component),altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detectair pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensorcomponents (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 1918 may include communication components 1940operable to couple the machine 1900 to a network 1932 or devices 1920via coupling 1924 and coupling 1922, respectively. For example, thecommunication components 1940 may include a network interface componentor other suitable device to interface with the network 1932. In furtherexamples, communication components 1940 may include wired communicationcomponents, wireless communication components, cellular communicationcomponents, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth®components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and othercommunication components to provide communication via other modalities.The devices 1920 may be another machine or any of a wide variety ofperipheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 1940 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 1940 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components1940, such as, location via Internet Protocol (IP) geo-location,location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting a NFCbeacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

Glossary

“CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context refers to any intangible medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals orother intangible medium to facilitate communication of suchinstructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over thenetwork using a transmission medium via a network interface device andusing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols.

“CLIENT DEVICE” in this context refers to any machine that interfaces toa communications network to obtain resources from one or more serversystems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is notlimited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, PDAs, smartphones, tablets, ultra books, netbooks, laptops, multi-processorsystems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, gameconsoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a usermay use to access a network.

“COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK” in this context refers to one or more portionsof a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, avirtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wirelessLAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of theInternet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), aplain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephonenetwork, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network,or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network ora portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network andthe coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, aGlobal System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other typeof cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling mayimplement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such asSingle Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-DataOptimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology,third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourthgeneration wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile TelecommunicationsSystem (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE)standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations,other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

“EMPHEMERAL MESSAGE” in this context refers to a message that isaccessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be atext, an image, a video and the like. The access time for the ephemeralmessage may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access timemay be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient.Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.

“MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM” in this context refers to a component, deviceor other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarilyor permanently and may include, but is not be limited to, random-accessmemory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory,optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage(e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and/or anysuitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” shouldbe taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., acentralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers)able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shallalso be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media,that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., code) for execution by amachine, such that the instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors of the machine, cause the machine to perform any one or moreof the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readablemedium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as“cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiplestorage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium”excludes signals per se.

“COMPONENT” in this context refers to a device, physical entity, orlogic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branchpoints, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning ormodularization of particular processing or control functions. Componentsmay be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry outa machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardwareunit designed for use with other components and a part of a program thatusually performs a particular function of related functions. Componentsmay constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on amachine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component”is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various exampleembodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or agroup of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an applicationor application portion) as a hardware component that operates to performcertain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also beimplemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combinationthereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicatedcircuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certainoperations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor,such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may alsoinclude programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configuredby software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardwarecomponent may include software executed by a general-purpose processoror other programmable processor. Once configured by such software,hardware components become specific machines (or specific components ofa machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and areno longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that thedecision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or“hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass atangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed,permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured(e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certainoperations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardwarecomponents are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of thehardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any oneinstance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises ageneral-purpose processor configured by software to become aspecial-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware components) at different times. Softwareaccordingly configures a particular processor or processors, forexample, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instanceof time and to constitute a different hardware component at a differentinstance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, andreceive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, thedescribed hardware components may be regarded as being communicativelycoupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously,communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., overappropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of thehardware components. In embodiments in which multiple hardwarecomponents are configured or instantiated at different times,communications between such hardware components may be achieved, forexample, through the storage and retrieval of information in memorystructures to which the multiple hardware components have access. Forexample, one hardware component may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at alater time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware components may also initiate communications with inputor output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation). The various operations of example methods described hereinmay be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implementedcomponents that operate to perform one or more operations or functionsdescribed herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component”refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors.Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors beingan example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations ofa method may be performed by one or more processors orprocessor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processorsmay also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a“cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS).For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a groupof computers (as examples of machines including processors), with theseoperations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and viaone or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance ofcertain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, notonly residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines. In some example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented components may be located in a single geographiclocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or aserver farm). In other example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented components may be distributed across a number ofgeographic locations.

“PROCESSOR” in this context refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (aphysical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor)that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g.,“commands”, “op codes”, “machine code”, etc.) and which producescorresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. Aprocessor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), aReduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a ComplexInstruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit(GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-FrequencyIntegrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor mayfurther be a multi-core processor having two or more independentprocessors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may executeinstructions contemporaneously.

“TIMESTAMP” in this context refers to a sequence of characters orencoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, forexample giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a smallfraction of a second.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a memory; a redundanttracking subsystem comprising a set of tracking subsystems, the set oftracking subsystems comprising: a gyroscopic tracking system, a naturalfeature tracking system, and a simultaneous localization and mappingtracking system; and at least one hardware processor coupled to theredundant tracking subsystem to perform operations comprising: assigninga virtual object to a position in three-dimensional space capturedwithin a camera view; rendering the virtual object to appear at theposition in the three-dimensional space within the camera view; andmaintaining, via the redundant tracking subsystem, the virtual objectrendered at the position in the three-dimensional space while detectingone or more interruptions to one or more tracking indicia used by theredundant tracking subsystem.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein therendering of the virtual object includes rendering a separate virtualrepresentation related to the virtual object.
 3. The system of claim 2,wherein the separate virtual representation is a simulated shadow of thevirtual object.
 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising receivinginput indicative of a selection of a template from among a set oftemplates, the template corresponding to the virtual object.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the virtual object comprises customizedpersonal avatar content.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtualobject includes content selected based on external factors related tothe three-dimensional space.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein theoperations further comprise identifying the tracking indicia operable totrack the virtual object in the three-dimensional space, wherein themaintaining of the virtual object rendered at the position in thethree-dimensional space comprises tracking the virtual object using thetracking indicia.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein: the tracking of thevirtual object using the tracking indicia comprises tracking, by a firsttracking subsystem from among the set of tracking subsystems, thevirtual object at the position in the three-dimensional space using thetracking indicia; the maintaining of the virtual object rendered at theposition in the three-dimensional space further comprises: detecting, bythe first tracking subsystem, an interruption of the tracking indicia;and in response to detecting the interruption of the tracking indicia,tracking the virtual object at the position in the three-dimensionalspace via a second tracking subsystem from among the set of trackingsubsystems.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations furthercomprise detecting a reference surface in a three-dimensional spacecaptured within a camera view, wherein the assigning of the virtualobject to the position in three-dimensional space is based on thereference surface.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the detecting ofthe reference surface is based on user input.
 11. The system of claim 9,wherein the position in the three-dimensional space is a predefineddistance from a reference surface.
 12. The system of claim 11, whereinmaintaining the virtual object at the position in the three-dimensionalspace comprises maintaining the virtual object rendered at thepredefined distance from the reference surface.
 13. A method comprising:assigning a virtual object to a position in three-dimensional spacecaptured within a camera view; rendering the virtual object to appear atthe position in the three-dimensional space within the camera view; andmaintaining, via a redundant tracking subsystem, the virtual objectrendered at the position in the three-dimensional space while detectingone or more interruptions to one or more tracking indicia used by theredundant tracking subsystem, the redundant tracking subsystemcomprising a set of tracking subsystems, the set of tracking subsystemscomprising: a gyroscopic tracking system, a natural feature trackingsystem, and simultaneous localization and mapping tracking system. 14.The method of claim 13, wherein the rendering of the virtual objectincludes rendering a separate virtual representation related to thevirtual object.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the virtual objectincludes content selected based on external factors related to thethree-dimensional space.
 16. The method of claim 13, further comprisingidentifying tracking indicia operable to track the virtual object in thethree-dimensional space, wherein the maintaining of the virtual objectrendered at the position in the three-dimensional space comprisestracking the virtual object using the tracking indicia.
 17. The methodof claim 16, wherein: the tracking of the virtual object using thetracking indicia comprises tracking, by a first tracking subsystem fromamong the set of tracking subsystems, the virtual object at the positionin the three-dimensional space using the tracking indicia; themaintaining of the virtual object rendered at the position in thethree-dimensional space further comprises: detecting, by the firsttracking subsystem, an interruption of the tracking indicia; and inresponse to detecting the interruption of the tracking indicia, trackingthe virtual object at the position in the three-dimensional space via asecond tracking subsystem from among the set of tracking subsystems. 18.The method of claim 13, further comprising detecting a reference surfacein a three-dimensional space captured within a camera view, wherein theassigning of the virtual object to the position in three-dimensionalspace is based on the reference surface.
 19. The method of claim 18,wherein the position in the three-dimensional space is a predefineddistance from a reference surface, wherein maintaining the virtualobject at the position in the three-dimensional space comprisesmaintaining the virtual object rendered at the predefined distance fromthe reference surface.
 20. A non-transitory machine-readable storagemedium that includes instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a machine, cause the machine to perform operationscomprising: assigning a virtual object to a position inthree-dimensional space captured within a camera view; rendering thevirtual object to appear at the position in the three-dimensional spacewithin the camera view; and maintaining, via a redundant trackingsubsystem, the virtual object rendered at the position in thethree-dimensional space while detecting one or more interruptions to oneor more tracking indicia used by the redundant tracking subsystem, theredundant tracking subsystem comprising a set of tracking subsystems,the set of tracking subsystems comprising: a gyroscopic tracking system,a natural feature tracking system, and simultaneous localization andmapping tracking system.